Outsole for orthopedic device

ABSTRACT

An outsole for an orthopedic device includes a heel part, a forefoot part, and a mid-foot part separating the heel part from the forefoot part. A longitudinal axis extends in a longitudinal direction between an anterior end of the forefoot part and a posterior end of the heel part. A transverse axis intersects the longitudinal axis and extends in a transverse direction between a lateral edge of the outsole and a medial edge of the outsole. A bottom surface extends along the longitudinal axis and between the medial and lateral edges. The bottom surface defines an apex at the intersection of the longitudinal and transverse axes and at least one apical line passing through the apex and subtending an oblique angle to the longitudinal axis. The bottom surface curves through the apex and along the at least one apical line in both the longitudinal and transverse directions.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The disclosure relates to an outsole for an orthopedic device.

BACKGROUND

The normal operation of the foot provides a smooth rolling motionthrough a step when ambulating. In a normal gait, the load on a person'sfoot moves from heel to toe at an angle from the lateral side or outsideof the foot (supination) to the medial side or inside of the foot(pronation). A normal step begins with the heel strike as the heel isset down on the support surface or ground and ends with the toe off asthe large toe pushes the foot off the support surface.

Many efforts have been made over the years to construct an outsole fororthopedic devices that promotes a healthy and natural gait. One suchoutsole construction is tapered or curved directly from back to front ina linear fashion. Such a design initiates a roll-over that is limited tostraight ahead from back to front allowing heel strike, rocking straightforward, then toe off. However, most people do not walk with their feetpointed straight ahead. Rather, most people walk with their feetexternally rotated. When feet point outward, it is commonly calledtoed-out or exorotated. When feet point inward, it is commonly calledtoed-in, a tendency referred to as walking “pigeon toed.” Thus, becausepeople do not walk with their feet straight forward, the linearroll-over motion of known outsoles resists the natural gait of thewearer's foot, adding stress and discomfort to the wearer as the wearerambulates, which may adversely affect recuperation and/or causeundesirable biomechanical compensations which can cause problems for thewearer in the long term. Such problems can include, but are not limitedto, bad posture, back problems, an unhealthy gait, foot abnormalities,muscle imbalances in the foot and/or leg, and/or pressure ulcers.

The linear roll-over motion of known outsoles also causes foot and legfatigue because the action of the outsole conflicts with the naturalroll-over motion of the user, requiring the user to adjust or correctthe position of the user's foot while walking. It also can createawkward pressure points on the user's lower leg and/or foot as a resultof the orthopedic device being urged unnaturally against the user'slower leg and/or foot while walking.

There exists a need for improved outsoles for orthopedic devices thatfacilitate a more natural and comfortable roll-over motion of a user'sfoot from heel strike through toe-off.

SUMMARY

The disclosure describes various embodiments of an outsole for anorthopedic device providing a construction and design that facilitates amore natural roll-over motion of the user's foot from heel strikethrough toe-off. The embodiments described can include an outsole havinga heel part, a forefoot part, and a mid-foot part separating the heelpart from the forefoot part. A longitudinal axis extends in alongitudinal direction between an anterior end of the forefoot part anda posterior end of the heel part. A transverse axis intersects thelongitudinal axis and extends in a transverse direction between alateral edge of the outsole and a medial edge of the outsole. A bottomsurface extends along the longitudinal axis and between the medial andlateral edges.

The bottom surface defines an apex at the intersection of thelongitudinal and transverse axes and at least one apical line passingthrough the apex and subtending an oblique angle to the longitudinalaxis. The bottom surface curves along the at least one apical line inboth the longitudinal and transverse directions.

The curvature of the bottom surface in both the longitudinal andtransverse directions creates a roll-over surface that offers reduced orlittle resistance to the natural roll-over motion of the user's footrather than forcing the foot to roll-over straight ahead from back tofront as in the prior art, which can create strain on the knee and/orother joints. It also provides a smoother and more comfortable ride forthe user by accommodating exorotated lines of progression or other linesof progression rotated relative to the longitudinal axis and accountingfor common gait dynamics which known outsoles fail to do.

According to a variation, the radius of curvature of the bottom surfacealong different apical lines is substantially the same. Because of this,the user's foot can experience the same or a similar roll-over motion onthe outsole along different lines of progression corresponding to theapical lines. This encourages a more natural and smoother roll-over ofthe user's foot because the foot can just as easily and comfortablyroll-over along one line of progression as another.

According to a variation, a tread section is on the bottom surface thatdefines an interior region arranged for accommodating at least a portionof different lines of progression corresponding to the apical lines.This helps reduce wearing of the bottom surface preferentially along thedifferent lines of progression by transferring and/or distributing atsome of the contact forces along the lines of progression to thesurrounding tread section.

Additional features and advantages of embodiments of the presentdisclosure will be set forth in the description that follows, and inpart will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by thepractice of such exemplary embodiments. These and other features willbecome more fully apparent from the following description and appendedclaims, or may be learned by the practice of such exemplary embodimentsas set forth hereinafter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the presentdisclosure will become better understood regarding the followingdescription, appended claims, and accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a front isometric view of a walker with the straps removedaccording to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a top isometric view of an outsole according to an embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a bottom isometric view of the outsole shown in FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the outsole shown in FIG. 2.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the outsole in ambulation according to anembodiment.

FIG. 6 is another bottom view of the outsole shown in FIG. 2 accordingto an embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the outsole shown in FIG. 2. takenalong a first apical line according to an embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the outsole shown in FIG. 2. takenalong a second apical line according to an embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the outsole shown in FIG. 3 takenalong a third apical line according to an embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a bottom view of an outsole according to another embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF VARIOUS EMBODIMENTS

A better understanding of different embodiments of the disclosure may behad from the following description read with the accompanying drawingsin which like reference characters refer to like elements.

While the disclosure is susceptible to various modifications andalternative constructions, certain illustrative embodiments are in thedrawings and described below. It should be understood, however, there isno intention to limit the disclosure to the embodiments disclosed, buton the contrary, that the intention covers all modifications,alternative constructions, combinations, and equivalents falling withinthe spirit and scope of the disclosure.

For further ease of understanding the embodiments of an orthopedicdevice as disclosed herein, a description of a few terms is necessary.As used herein, the term “dorsal” has its ordinary meaning and refers tothe top surfaces of the foot, ankle and foreleg or shin. As used herein,the term “plantar” has its ordinary meaning and refers to a bottomsurface, such as the bottom of a foot. As used herein, the term“proximal” has its ordinary meaning and refers to a location that iscloser to the heart than another location. Likewise, the term “distal”has its ordinary meaning and refers to a location that is further fromthe heart than another location. The term “posterior” also has itsordinary meaning and refers to a location that is behind or to the rearof another location. Lastly, the term “anterior” has its ordinarymeaning and refers to a location that is ahead of or to the front ofanother location.

The terms “rigid,” “flexible,” and “resilient” may be used herein todistinguish characteristics of portions of certain features of theorthopedic device. The term “rigid” is intended to denote that anelement of the device is generally devoid of flexibility. Within thecontext of support members or shells that are “rigid,” it is intended toindicate that they do not lose their overall shape when force isapplied, and that in fact they may break if bent with sufficient force.On the other hand, the term “flexible” is intended to denote thatfeatures are capable of repeated bending such that the features may bebent into retained shapes or the features do not retain a general shape,but continuously deform when force is applied. The term “resilient” isused to qualify such flexible features as generally returning to aninitial general shape without permanent deformation. As for the term“semi-rigid,” this term is used to connote properties of support membersor shells that provide support and are free-standing; however, suchsupport members or shells may have some degree of flexibility orresiliency.

The exemplary embodiments of an outsole can be used in variousorthopedic devices, including, but not limited to, configurations ofwalkers or walking boots, post-surgical shoes, diabetic shoes, or anyother suitable orthopedic device.

For instance, exemplary embodiments of an outsole can be implementedwith an orthopedic device comprising a walker 11, as shown in FIG. 1. Anexemplary walker can include a base shell 13 including a plantar portion21 and defining an opening 23 over a dorsal aspect thereof. A dorsalshell 15 can be contoured to generally correspond to the opening 23 ofthe base shell 13, such that the lower leg is generally fully enclosedand supported by the walker 11. The dorsal shell 15 can be moveable awayand towards the base shell 13 in order to open and close the walker 11.An insole 17 can be situated in a foot bed of the walker 11. In thisexemplary device 11, an outsole 19 can be provided along the distalplantar surface 21 of the base shell 13. While a circumferential walkeris shown, it will be appreciated that other walkers (e.g., a strutwalker) may utilize similar outsole configurations.

Referring now to FIGS. 2-9, an exemplary embodiment of an outsole 100includes and a sole portion 110 including a bottom surface 116 and anupper surface 118 opposite the bottom surface 116. The sole portion 110may define a height or thickness between the upper surface 118 and thebottom surface 116. The upper surface 118 may be shaped and configuredto be secured to and to span a length of the plantar portion 21 of thebase shell 13.

The outsole 100 can be attached to the base shell 13 in any suitablemanner. The upper surface 118 can be bonded to the plantar portion 21 ofthe base shell 13 by adhesive, and one or more edges of the uppersurface 118 can extend around and up the sides of the plantar portion21. The outsole 100 can be integrally formed or attached along theplantar portion 21 of the base shell 13, for example, via overmolding orany other suitable two-shot molding process.

A toe protector portion 120 can be located at a toe end portion of theplantar portion of the base shell 13 and can extend generally uprightand perpendicular relative to the sole portion 110 and above the toe endportion of the base shell 13. A heel section 125 is arranged to extendover at least a heel or posterior end of the plantar portion 21 of thebase shell 13.

The sole portion 110 is arranged to support the foot and contact asupport surface during ambulation. As seen in FIGS. 2-4, the soleportion 110 can include a heel part 122, a forefoot part 124, and amid-foot part 126 between the heel part 122 and the forefoot part 124.The thickness of the sole portion 110 in the heel part 122 can begreater than the thickness of the sole portion 110 in the forefoot part124 (best shown in FIG. 7), improving the comfort and dimensionalstability of the outsole 100 under the heel bone.

The sole portion 110 extends along a longitudinal axis 114 between ananterior end 115, which can correspond to the forefoot part 124, and aposterior end 117, which can correspond to the heel part 122. Atransverse axis 119 extends across the width of the sole portion 110between first and second edges 121, 123 of the sole portion 110 so thatthe transverse axis 119 intersects the longitudinal axis 114. Thetransverse axis 119 can extend generally transverse to the longitudinalaxis 114 between the first edge 121 and the second edge 123. If theoutsole 100 is being worn on the right foot, the first edge 121 can be amedial edge and the second edge 123 can be a lateral edge. If theoutsole 100 is being worn on the left foot, the first edge 121 can be alateral edge and the second edge 123 can be a medial edge.

The longitudinal axis 114 is shown generally corresponding to a midlineof the sole portion 110 but can be located anywhere between the firstand second edges 121, 123. The transverse axis 119 is shown extendingthrough the mid-foot part 126 but can be located anywhere between theanterior end 115 and the posterior end 117.

Optionally, the bottom surface 116 of the sole portion 110 can include apair of curved lengthwise contours that define raised arch portions 128(best shown in FIG. 4) on opposite sides of the mid-foot part 126. Byproviding an arch portion 128 on both sides of the mid-foot part 126,the width of the outsole 100 at a user's mid-gait can be reduced to helpprevent or limit the foot from being forced laterally or medially, whichcan create strain on the knee. One or more of the arch portions 128 maybe less prominent or omitted.

The outsole 100 may be formed with any suitable material. For example,the outsole 100 may include a foam material such as EVA foam material.The EVA foam material can provide the outsole 100 with a light-weightand durable construction while concurrently providing the walker 11 withcushioning. Due to the relatively light-weight of the EVA foam material,the outsole 100 can include a relatively large thickness to provideincreased protection to the foot of the wearer. Depending on theparticular requirements for the walker 11, however, the outsole 100 maybe formed for a variety of different materials, such as thermoplasticpolyurethane (TPU), rubber, EVA cork, combinations thereof, or any othersuitable material.

The bottom surface 116 of the sole portion 110 can include tread orother friction enhancing characteristics. The bottom surface 116 candefine a tread section or pattern 130 that provides a grip between thebottom surface 116 and the support surface that contacts the outsole 100during ambulation. The tread pattern 130 may be formed from one or moreresilient polymeric materials (e.g., rubber, synthetic rubber,combinations thereof) or any other suitable materials that are set inthe sole portion 110 of the outsole 100. This has the effect ofproviding the outsole 100 with traction and durability to extend theuseful life of the outsole 100 and/or to make the outsole 100 safer.

The tread pattern 130 may be integrally formed in the sole portion 110of the outsole 100. The tread pattern 130 can extend over discreteregions of the bottom surface 116. The tread pattern 130 can include awedge-like portion in the forefoot part 124 and a generally foot-likeshaped portion extending through the forefoot part 124, the mid-footpart 126, and the heel part 122. The foot-like shaped portion caninclude a cutout on an anterior edge thereof that is shaped to generallymate with the wedge-like portion in the forefoot part 124. The patternof the tread section or pattern 130 can exhibit any arrangement. Forexample, the tread pattern 130 can include zig-zag like grooves in theforefoot part 124 and the heel part 122 and a plurality of slantedgrooves and/or angled grooves in the mid-foot part 126. The treadpattern 130 can include zig-zag like grooves in the mid-foot part 126.

Optionally, the tread pattern 130 can include a recessed groove or slotextending along the peripheral portions of the tread pattern 130. Thetread pattern 130 may be raised relative to other portions of the bottomsurface 116 such that tread pattern 130 forms one or more high points onthe bottom surface 116 thereby providing a primary wear surface areabetween the outsole 100 and the support surface or floor duringambulation.

The tread section 130 can define an interior region 129 that does notinclude a tread pattern and/or polymeric material. The region 129 isshown having an X-like configuration but can have any suitableconfiguration. The region 129 is arranged to help accommodate differentlines of progression on the bottom surface 116 that are described below.This can help prevent wearing of the bottom surface 116 preferentiallyalong the lines of progression by transferring and/or distributing atleast some of the contact forces along the lines of progression to thesurrounding tread pattern 130. Alternatively, the tread pattern 130 maybe omitted or may cover the entire surface of the bottom surface 116 ofthe outsole 100.

The outsole 100 can be oversized relative to a conventional outsole. Awidth of the outsole 100 can be defined between the lateral and medialedges 123, 121 of the outsole 100. The width of the outsole 100 can bebetween about 1.02 and about 1.5, between about 1.05 and about 1.3(e.g., about 1.08), or between about 1.1 and about 1.2 times greaterthan the width of a conventional outsole. This additional width canprovide more stability than a conventional outsole. Widening the outsole100 can also provide a greater overall range of apical lines describedbelow along the bottom surface 116, which, in turn, can provide agreater overall range of lines of progression along which the user'sfoot can roll-over.

The bottom surface 116 of the outsole 100 may include one or moreroll-over features arranged to make the act of ambulating smoother andeasier for the user. Referring briefly to FIG. 5, a description of a fewmore terms is necessary. A line of progression is the line 132connecting the same point on the bottom surface 116 of two consecutivefootfalls of the same foot as the user ambulates wearing the outsole100. “Toe in” or “toe out” is the angle β between the line ofprogression 132 and the midline (or the longitudinal axis 114 in thisexample) of the outsole 100. Angle β is zero if the midline of theoutsole 100 is parallel to the line of progression 132. Angle β ispositive or toe-out when the midline of the outsole 100 is on thelateral side of the line of progression 132. Angle β is negative ortoe-in when the midline of the outsole 100 is on the medial side of theline of progression 132.

Known outsoles for walkers and other orthopedic devices are designed toforce the line of progression of the foot directly from back to frontalong the longitudinal axis (e.g., with an angle β of zero). However,most people do not walk with their feet pointed straight ahead. Rather,most people walk with their feet toe-out. More specifically, most peoplewalk with their feet between about 5 degrees and about 7 degrees toe-outor exorotated. By forcing the line of progression directly from back tofront, known outsoles add stress and discomfort to the user as the userambulates. Such stresses may adversely affect recuperation and/or causeundesirable biomechanical compensations which in the long term can causeproblems. The linear roll-over motion of known outsoles also can causefoot and leg fatigue because the action of the outsoles conflict withthe natural roll-over motion of the user, requiring the user to adjustor correct the position of the user's foot and/or causing muscleimbalances in the foot and/or leg.

The shape of the bottom surface 116 of the outsole 100 advantageouslyforms a roll-over surface that allows a user's foot to roll-over alongexorotated or other lines of progression rotated relative to thelongitudinal axis 114 with little or no resistance from the outsole 100.Because the bottom surface 116 accommodates the natural roll-over motionand gait of the user rather than forcing the foot straight ahead in alinear fashion as in the prior art, it provides a smoother and morecomfortable ride for the user, decreasing the likelihood of injury andthe likelihood of the user avoiding use of the outsole. It alsodecreases the likelihood of foot and/or leg fatigue because the outsole100 moves with the user's foot during gait rather than conflicting withit.

As seen in FIG. 6, the bottom surface 116 of the outsole 100 includes anapex 136. The apex 136 is substantially or generally the lowest or mostdistal point of the bottom surface 116. The apex 136 can be located inany suitable location. The apex 136 can be located at the intersectionof the longitudinal axis 114 and the transverse axis. The apex 136 canbe located within the region 129. The apex 136 can be located in themid-foot part 126 toward the heel part 122. The apex 136 can be locatedin the center of the mid-foot part 126. The apex 136 can be located inthe forefoot part 124, the heel part 122, or in any other suitablelocation on the bottom surface 116. The bottom surface 116 may includeone apex or a plurality of apexes.

The bottom surface 116 can be curved in a longitudinal direction (e.g.,about the transverse axis 119 or generally between the anterior end 115and the posterior end 117) (see FIG. 7). For instance, the bottomsurface 116 can curve in the longitudinal direction along thelongitudinal axis 114 downward (e.g. away from the upper surface 118)from the heel part 122 through the apex 136 in the mid-foot part 126,and then upward (e.g., toward the upper surface 118) to the forefootpart 124. The radius of curvature of the bottom surface 116 along thelongitudinal axis 114 can vary along the length longitudinal axis 114,increasing from the apex toward the anterior and posterior ends 115,117. Thus the bottom surface 116 along the longitudinal axis 114 can beconvexly curved.

The bottom surface 116 also can be curved in a transverse direction(e.g., about the longitudinal axis 114 or generally between the medialand lateral sides 121, 124). For instance, the bottom surface 116 cancurve along the transverse axis 119 in the transverse direction acrossthe width of the bottom surface 116, downward from the lateral edge 123through the apex 136 and then upward toward the medial side 121. Theradius of curvature of the bottom surface 116 along the transverse axis119 can vary across the width of the bottom surface 116, increasing fromthe apex 136 toward the medial and lateral edges 121, 123. The bottomsurface 116 along the transverse axis 119 can thus be convexly curved.

Because the bottom surface 116 curves in both the longitudinal directionand/or the transverse direction, the bottom surface 116 creates aroll-over surface that curves in different spatial directions ratherthan being curved linearly or solely from heel to toe as in the priorart. The bottom surface 116 can define any suitable curved surface indifferent spatial directions. The bottom surface 116 can form at least aportion of a generally ovoid surface, a generally ellipsoid surface, orany other suitable curved surface. For instance, the region 129 definesat least a portion of a substantially prolate spheroid (e.g., football)face 131. The face 131 extends through the apex 136 and is curvedtransversely and longitudinally. The bottom surface 116 can define agenerally downwardly-facing convex face, providing a smoother and morecomfortable ride for the user.

The curvature of the bottom surface 116 in the forefoot part 124 canexhibit a relatively smooth and/or constant radius extending to theanterior end 115 of the bottom surface 116. This can help provide a morecomfortable fit by reducing pressure on the user's tibia from a dorsalshell of a walker. This is in contrast to conventional outsoles fororthopedic walkers which include a flat spot in the toe region thattends to urge the dorsal shell against the tibia as the dorsal shellbecomes pitched or angled relative to the outsole at toe-off.

The bottom surface 116 can curve in the longitudinal and/or transversedirections along a plurality of apical lines extending through the apex136, some of which can subtend oblique angles to the longitudinal axis114 when view from below. For instance, the apical lines can include afirst apical line 134 corresponding to the longitudinal axis 114. Thebottom surface 116 can curve along the first apical line 134 downwardlyfrom a center of the heel part 122, through the apex 136, and thenupwardly through a center of the forefoot part 124, curving in thelongitudinal direction.

The apical lines can include a second apical line 138 extending throughapex 136 that subtends an oblique angle to the longitudinal axis 114. Ifthe walker 11 is being worn on the right foot, the second apical line138 extends from a lateral region of the heel part 122, through the apex136, to a medial region of the forefoot part 124. The bottom surface 116curves along the second apical line 138 downwardly from a lateral regionof the heel part 122, through the apex 136, and then upwardly through amedial region of the forefoot part 124, curving in both the longitudinaland medial directions.

The apical lines can include a third apical line 140 extending throughthe apex 136 that subtends another oblique angle to the longitudinalaxis 114. If the walker 11 is being worn on the right foot, the thirdapical line 140 extends from a medial region of the heel part 122,through the apex 136, to a lateral region of the forefoot part 124. Thebottom surface 116 curves along the third apical line 140 downwardlyfrom a medial region of the heel part 122, through the apex 136, andthen upwardly through a lateral region of the forefoot part 124, curvingin both the longitudinal and medial directions.

As described below, the different apical lines on the bottom surface 116correspond or substantially correspond to a range of lines ofprogression along which the user's foot can possibly roll-over. Thisadvantageously allows the user's foot to roll-over along exorotated orother lines of progression without being forced by the shape of theoutsole to roll-over straight ahead from back to front as in the priorart, which, in turn, encourages a more natural and comfortable gait.This arrangement also conserves some of the energy of locomotion andreturns energy to the user by smoothing out the gait cycle.

The apex 136 can serve as a fulcrum point or center of rotation of theoutsole 100 when a user is ambulating. The fulcrum or center of rotationof the outsole 100 can be located away from the apex 136. For instance,the fulcrum or center of rotation of the outsole 100 can be locatedposterior the apex 136, anterior of the apex 136, medial and/or lateralof the apex 136, combinations thereof, or in any other suitable locationon the bottom surface 116.

As a user wearing the walker 11 stands still, the sole portion 110 ofthe outsole 100 can rest on the ground on the mid-foot part 126 and theheel part 122. As the user takes a step, the apex 136 can act as afulcrum or center of rotation so that the outsole 100 rolls forward offof the heel part 122 and onto the mid-foot part 126 and then theforefoot part 124.

The bottom surface 116 can define one or more roll-over axes associatedwith the different apical lines around which the outsole 100 rocks orrolls. As seen, the outsole 100 can include a first roll-over axis 142Aextending through the apex 136 that is substantially perpendicular tothe first apical line 134 or the longitudinal axis 114. During gait,rotation of the outsole 100 about the first roll-over axis 142A canpermit the foot to roll over along a line of progression 132Acorresponding to the first apical line 134. Because the bottom surface116 is curved along first apical line 134 in the longitudinal direction,the user's foot can roll-over about the first roll-over axis 142A,straight ahead along the line of progression 132A and through the apex136 with reduced or little resistance from the outsole 100.

A second roll-over axis 142B can be substantially perpendicular to thesecond apical line 138. During gait, rotation of the outsole 100 aboutthe second roll-over axis 142B can allow the foot to roll over along aline of progression 132B corresponding to the second apical line 138.Because the bottom surface 116 curves along the second apical line 138in both the longitudinal and transverse directions, the user's foot canroll-over along the line of progression 132B, which is rotated relativeto the longitudinal axis 114, and through the apex 136 with reduced orlittle resistance from the outsole 100.

This advantageously facilitates a more natural roll-over motion of theuser's foot from heel strike through toe-off. For instance, the line ofprogression 132B can be an exorotated line of progression. The line ofprogression 132B can be at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis114 or a sagittal plane of the outsole 100. The angle can be betweenabout 1 degree and about 10 degrees, between about 3 degrees and about 8degrees, or between about 5 degrees and about 7 degrees. It will beappreciated that the angle β can be larger or smaller and that if thewalker 11 is being worn on the left foot, the line of progression 132Bcan allow the outsole to roll-over with the user's foot from heel striketo toe-in. It will also be appreciated that the angle β can be selectedbased on the specific gait of a user. The angle β can be selected basedon a typical gait of a user. The angle β can be selected based on adesired treatment protocol.

As seen, the outer periphery of the region 129 can taper inward from aposterior end of the region 129 toward the apex 136 and can expand fromthe apex 136 toward an anterior end of the region 129. This can helpdirect the roll-over motion of the foot toward the apex 136 and can helplimit inference from the tread section 130 beyond the apex 136 when theroll-over motion is along a line of progression that is rotated relativeto the longitudinal axis 114. For instance, during heel strike, theuser's weight can move towards the posterior lateral edge of the region129. As the user's weight moves forward, the user's weight is directedthrough the region 129 inwardly toward the apex 136 and downwardly alongthe line of progression 132B. In the mid stance phase, the user's weightmoves along the line of progression 132B through the apex 136. In thetoe-off phase, the user's weight moves outwardly from the apex 136toward the anterior medial edge of the region 129 and upwardly along theline of progression 132B.

As the user's weight moves through the region 129, the face of theregion 129 provides a smoother surface than the tread section 130surrounding the region 129 for the user's foot to roll-over on,smoothing out the user's ride. Further, the tread section 130surrounding the region 129 can transfer and/or distribute at least someof the user's weight along the line of progression 132B away from theregion 129 and to the surrounding tread section 130. This can helpprevent wearing of the bottom surface 116 preferentially along the lineof progression 132B. It will be appreciated that the same or similarprinciples can be applied along the line of progression 132C and/orother lines of progression extending through the region 129.

A third roll-over axis 142C can be substantially perpendicular to thethird apical line 140. During gait, rotation of the outsole 100 aboutthe third roll-over axis 142C can allow the foot to roll over along aline of progression 132C corresponding to the third apical line 140.Because the bottom surface 116 is curved along the third apical line 140in both the longitudinal and transverse directions, the user's foot canroll-over along the line of progression 132B, which is rotated relativeto the longitudinal axis 114 and through the apex 136 with reduced orlittle resistance from the outsole 100. The orientation of the thirdroll-over axis 142C can be generally indicative of the direction ofcurvature of the bottom surface 116 about the longitudinal axis 114 andthe transverse axis 119 along the third apical line 140.

The line of progression 132C can be at an angle −β relative to thelongitudinal axis 114. The angle −β can be between about −1 degree andabout −10 degrees, between about −3 degrees and about 8 degrees, orbetween about −5 degrees and about 7 degrees. It will be appreciatedthat the angle −β can be larger or smaller. Again, it will beappreciated that if the walker 11 is being worn on the left foot, theuser's foot can roll over from heel strike to toe-out at toe-off alongthe line of progression 132C. While the roll-over axes 142A, 142B, 142Care shown and described extending through the apex 136, the roll-overaxes can be positioned and oriented to extend through the longitudinalaxis 114 posterior of the apex 136, through the longitudinal axis 114anterior of the apex 136, or through any other suitable location on theoutsole 100.

The longitudinal and transverse curvature of the bottom surface 116along the different apical lines permit the foot to roll-over alongdifferent lines of progression. This beneficially helps prevent or limitthe foot from being forced straight ahead from forward to back by theoutsole, reducing the likelihood of strain on the knee and making theact of ambulating more natural and easier for the user. It may also bebeneficial to reduce loads on the ankles, toes and metatarsals.

In the illustrated embodiment, the radius of curvature of the bottomsurface 116 can be the same or approximately the same along differentapical lines extending through the apex 136. For instance, FIG. 7 is across-sectional view of the outsole 100 taken along the first apicalline 134. Along the first apical line 134, the bottom surface 116 curvesdownwardly relative to the upper surface 118 in the heel part 122. Thebottom surface 116 then curves through the apex 136 in the mid-foot part126 and upwardly through the forefoot part 124. The radius of curvatureof the bottom surface 116 varies along the first apical line 134,decreasing from the posterior end 117 to the apex 136 and increasingfrom the apex 136 to the anterior end 115.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the outsole 100 taken along thesecond apical line 138. Along the second apical line 138, the bottomsurface 116 curves downwardly relative to the upper surface 118 in theheel part 122. The bottom surface 116 then curves through the apex 136in the mid-foot part 126 and upwardly through the forefoot part 124. Asseen in FIGS. 7 and 8, the radius of curvature of the bottom surface 116along the first apical line 134 can be similar to or approximately thesame as the radius of curvature of the bottom surface 116 along thesecond apical line 138.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the outsole 100 taken along thethird apical line 140. Along the third apical line 140, the bottomsurface 116 curves downwardly relative to the upper surface 118 in theheel part 122. The bottom surface 116 then curves through the apex 136in the mid-foot part 126 and upwardly through the forefoot part 124. Asseen in FIGS. 8 and 9, the radius of curvature of the bottom surface 116along the second apical line 138 can be similar to or approximately thesame as the radius of curvature of the bottom surface 116 along thethird apical line 140.

Because the radius of curvature of the bottom surface 116 along thedifferent apical lines is the same or substantially the same, the user'sfoot can experience the same or a similar roll-over motion on theoutsole 100 along the different lines of progression corresponding tothe apical lines. For instance, the user's foot can roll over along theline of progression 132A corresponding to the first apical line 134 orthe line of progression 132B corresponding to the second apical line 138and experience the same or very similar roll-over motion. Alternatively,the user's foot can roll over along the line of progression 132Acorresponding to the first apical line 134 or the line of progression132C corresponding to the third apical line 140 and experience the sameor very similar roll-over motion. This has the beneficial effect ofencouraging a more natural roll over of the foot because the foot canjust as easily and comfortably roll over along one line of progressionas another.

In other embodiments, the radius of curvature of the bottom surface canbe varied to vary the roll-over motion of user's foot on the outsole100. For instance, the radius of curvature along a first apical line ora second apical line can be greater than the radius of curvature alonganother apical line to exorotate or urge the user to walk toe-out, ortoe-in. It will be appreciated that the curvature can vary along theapical lines. For example, a first apical line can have a first portionhaving a first radius of curvature and a second portion having a secondradius of curvature that is different from the first radius ofcurvature.

While the lines of progression are shown being substantially linear, inother embodiments, the bottom surface of the outsole can be curved toaccommodate one or more non-linear lines of progression. For instance,FIG. 10 illustrates an outsole 200 including a sole portion 210 having abottom surface 216 defining a longitudinal axis 214, a transverse axis219 intersecting the longitudinal axis 214, and an apex 236. The bottomsurface 216 can include an apical line 238 curving and turning throughthe apex 236. The apical line 238 corresponds to at least one line ofprogression 232, both having one or more non-linear portions rotatedrelative to the longitudinal axis 214.

The configuration of the outsole described herein is to be regarded asexemplary only, as any suitable configuration of the outsole ispossible. For example, while three apical lines are shown and described,in other embodiments, the outsole can include two, four, five, or anyother suitable numbers of apical lines. Further, in other embodiments,different apical lines can have varying curvatures. Moreover, in otherembodiments, the apical lines can extend through more than one apex onthe bottom surface.

While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, otheraspects and embodiments are contemplated. The various aspects andembodiments disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and arenot intended to be limiting. Additionally, the words “including,”“having,” and variants thereof (e.g., “includes” and “has”) as usedherein, including the claims, shall be open ended and have the samemeaning as the word “comprising” and variants thereof (e.g., “comprise”and “comprises”).

1. An outsole for an orthopedic device comprising: a heel part, aforefoot part, and a mid-foot part separating the heel part from theforefoot part; a longitudinal axis extending in a longitudinal directionbetween the forefoot part and the heel part; a transverse axisintersecting the longitudinal axis and extending in a transversedirection between a lateral edge and a medial edge of the outsole; abottom surface extending along the longitudinal axis and between thelateral edge and the medial edge, the bottom surface defining an apex atthe intersection of the longitudinal axis and the transverse axis and atleast one apical line passing through the apex and subtending an obliqueangle to the longitudinal axis, the bottom surface curving through theapex and along the at least one apical line in both the longitudinaldirection and the transverse direction, and the bottom surface defines asubstantially same radius of curvature along the at least one apicalline and the longitudinal axis; wherein the bottom surface has aninterior region surrounding the apex with an outer periphery taperinginward from a first end of the interior region directed from the heelpart to the apex and expanding outward from the apex toward a second endof the interior region directed toward the forefoot part so that theinterior region directs a heel strike of a foot of a user toward theapex; wherein the apex is closer to an end portion of the heel part thanan end portion of the forefoot part.
 2. The outsole of claim 1, whereinthe apex is located at a maximum thickness of the outsole.
 3. Theoutsole of claim 1, wherein the bottom surface includes a tread sectiondefining a tread pattern with a plurality of angled grooves surroundingand intersecting the interior region.
 4. The outsole of claim 3, whereinthe apex is smoother than the tread pattern, the tread section arrangedso that when weight is placed on the outsole over the interior regionthe tread section distributes at least some of the weight away from theinterior region to the tread section.
 5. The outsole of claim 1, whereinthe oblique angle is between about 5 degrees and about 7 degrees.
 6. Theoutsole of claim 1, wherein the bottom surface curves in the transversedirection and the longitudinal direction from the apex toward thelateral edge.
 7. The outsole of claim 1, wherein the bottom surfacecurves convexly along the at least one apical line from the lateral edgeof the heel part toward the apex.
 8. The outsole of claim 1, wherein thebottom surface curves convexly along the at least one apical line towardthe medial edge of the forefoot part.
 9. The outsole of claim 1, whereinthe at least one apical line includes a first apical line and a secondapical line intersecting the first apical line at the apex, the secondapical line subtending another oblique angle to the longitudinal axis.10. The outsole of claim 1, wherein the interior region defines aprolate spheroid face on the bottom surface.
 11. The outsole of claim 1,wherein the at least one apical line extends diagonally through theinterior region.
 12. The outsole of claim 1, wherein the apex is locatedin the mid-foot part.
 13. The outsole of claim 1, wherein the outsolehas an upper surface arranged oppositely from the bottom surface andspaced therefrom by a thickness; the upper surface having a toeprotector portion extending generally upright from the upper surface atthe forefoot part relative to the bottom surface.
 14. The outsole ofclaim 14, wherein the thickness of the outsole between the upper surfaceand the bottom surface in the heel part is greater than a thickness ofthe outsole between the upper surface and the bottom surface in theforefoot part.
 15. The outsole of claim 1, wherein the bottom surfacedefines a pair of curved lengthwise contours forming raised archportions on opposite sides of the mid-foot part.
 16. An outsole for anorthopedic device comprising: a heel part, a forefoot part, and amid-foot part separating the heel part from the forefoot part; alongitudinal axis extending in a longitudinal direction between theforefoot part and the heel part; a transverse axis intersecting thelongitudinal axis and extending in a transverse direction between alateral edge and a medial edge of the outsole; a bottom surfaceextending along the longitudinal axis and between the lateral edge andthe medial edge, the bottom surface defining an apex at the intersectionof the longitudinal axis and the transverse axis, the bottom surfacecurving in a longitudinal direction about the transverse axis andgenerally between the forefoot part and the heel part such that thebottom surface curves in the longitudinal direction along thelongitudinal axis from the heel part through the apex in the mid-footpart in a first direction, and then in a second direction toward theforefoot; the bottom surface defining a plurality of treads; the bottomsurface curving in a transverse direction about the longitudinal axissuch that the bottom surface curves along the transverse axis in thetransverse direction across a width of the bottom surface, from thelateral edge through the apex in the first direction and then curving inthe second direction toward the medial edge; the bottom surface havingan interior region devoid of said treads and being located within theapex in the mid-foot part, and the interior region extending elongatebetween the heel part and forefoot part.
 17. The outsole of claim 16,wherein a radius of curvature of the bottom surface along the transverseaxis by increasing from the apex toward the lateral edge and the medialedge, such that the bottom surface along the transverse axis is convexlycurved.
 18. The outsole of claim 16, wherein a radius of curvature ofthe bottom surface along the longitudinal axis varies by increasing fromthe apex toward the heel part and the forefoot part, such that thebottom surface along the longitudinal axis is convexly curved.
 19. Theoutsole of claim 16, wherein the bottom surface defines a pair of curvedlengthwise contours forming raised arch portions on opposite sides ofthe mid-foot part.
 20. The outsole of claim 16, wherein the apex iscloser to an end portion of the heel part than an end portion of theforefoot part.